Sideline assessment of concussion.

The recognition and sideline evaluation of possible sport-related concussion are difficult tasks for a physician and other clinicians. Sideline assessment tools have continued to evolve over the years, but objective biomarkers of concussion do not currently exist. Sideline video review programs may aid in the recognition of possible concussion as additional information for the sideline athletic medicine staff. Additional investigational assessments include visual oculomotor processing, reaction time, and rapid eye movements and attention. As the presentation of concussion is variable and symptoms may evolve over time, it is important that athletes with possible concussion are followed with serial assessments. If the diagnosis is unclear, it is advised to err on the side of caution and not allow the athlete to return to competition on the day of the injury. This chapter will review the current issues regarding the sideline assessment of concussion.