----Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma: Adoptive T-cell Strategies.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Immune therapy via adoptive cell transfer (ACT), especially with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), represents a particularly promising approach. Despite the recent success of CAR T cells for blood cancers, the question remains whether this powerful anti-cancer therapy will ultimately work for brain tumors, and if the primary immunologic challenges in this disease-which include antigenic heterogeneity, immune suppression and T-cell exhaustion-can be adequately addressed. Here, we contextualize these concepts by reviewing recent developments in ACT for GBM, with a special focus on pioneering clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapy.