Mineral and Bone Disease in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite metabolic improvements following kidney transplantation, transplant recipients still often suffer from complex mineral and bone disease after transplantation.

RECENT FINDINGS: The pathophysiology of post-transplant disease is unique, secondary to underlying pre-transplant mineral and bone disease, immunosuppression, and changing kidney function. Changes in modern immunosuppression regimens continue to alter the clinical picture. Modern management includes reducing cumulative steroid exposure and correcting the biochemical abnormalities in mineral metabolism. While bone mineral density screening appears to help predict fracture risk and anti-osteoporotic therapy appears to have a positive effect on bone mineral density, more data regarding specific treatment is necessary. Patients with mineral and bone disease after kidney transplantation require special care in order to properly manage and mitigate their mineral and bone disease. Recent changes in clinical management of transplant patients may also be changing the implications on patients' mineral and bone disease.