Teaching Diagnostic Reasoning: A Review of Evidence-Based Interventions.

Problem/Background: The ability to accurately diagnose patients based on symptom profiles is a vital yet challenging skill that Nurse Practitioners (NPs) undertake frequently.

PURPOSE: This integrative literature review highlights a variety of evidence based, practical educational strategies that foster the development of diagnostic reasoning.

METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted in order to identify original research focusing on diagnostic reasoning educational interventions.

RESULTS: Eighteen primary sources met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results are synthesized in terms of sample and setting, methodological features, interventions, and outcomes. Interventions broadly fit into five educational themes: testing strategies, cognitive biases, simulation programs, course formats, and instructional approaches.

DISCUSSION: Interventions are simple and can be implemented in multiple educational settings. Future research should occur in populations of NP students. Validated, easy-to-use measurement tools as well as more precise diagnostic reasoning concept development should occur.