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The protective effects of nasal PcrV-CpG oligonucleotide vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.

An effective vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be hugely beneficial to people who are susceptible to the serious infections it causes. Vaccination against PcrV of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system is a potential prophylactic strategy for improving the incidence and poor prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Here, the effect of nasal PcrV adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) was compared with a nasal PcrV/aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) vaccine. Seven mouse groups in the infection series were vaccinated intranasally with one of the following: 1, PcrV-CpG; 2, PcrV-alum; 3, PcrV alone; 4, CpG alone; 5, alum alone; 6 and 7, a saline control. Fifty days after the first immunization, anti-PcrV IgG, IgA and IgG isotype titers were measured, and significant increases in these parameters were detected in the PcrV-CpG vaccinated mice only. The vaccinated mice were then intratracheally infected with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa and their body temperatures and survival were monitored for 24 h, with edema, bacteria, myeloperoxidase activity and lung histology being evaluated at 24 h post-infection. Consequently, 73% of the PcrV-CpG-vaccinated mice survived, but less than 30% of the mice vaccinated with PcrV-alum or adjuvant alone survived. Lung edema and other inflammatory parameters were less severe in the PcrV-CpG group. The significant increase in PcrV-specific IgA titers detected following PcrV-CpG vaccination probably comprise part of the disease protection mechanism. Overall, our data show that intranasal PcrV-CpG vaccination has potential efficacy for clinical application against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.

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