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[Hidrocefalia congénita-neonatal: alternativas terapéuticas a la derivación. Una mirada a la terapia celular].

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hidrocefalia de inicio fetal, perinatal y neonatal representa un gran reto terapéutico y a menudo cursa con un pronóstico neurológico pobre, debido a su etiología heterogénea, que incluye alteraciones del neurodesarrollo.

OBJETIVO: Realizar una recopilación de los avances en terapia celular como propuesta que permite ampliar el espectro de tratamiento en la hidrocefalia congénita-neonatal.

DESARROLLO: Las intervenciones terapéuticas disponibles actualmente, como la derivación ventrículo-peritoneal y la tercera ventriculostomía, son insuficientes para resolver por completo la hidrocefalia y para prevenir o revertir los daños neurológicos asociados. Es por esto por lo que ha surgido la necesidad de crear nuevas alternativas terapéuticas a partir del conocimiento de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que participan en el desarrollo de esta condición. Particularmente, la terapia celular con células madre neuronales y células madre mesenquimales ha demostrado, en estudios con animales y en estudios preclínicos con humanos, ser eficiente y segura para prevenir la hidrocefalia originada a partir de la disrupción de la zona ventricular y secundaria a la hemorragia intraventricular, con la consiguiente prevención de las secuelas neurológicas sensoriomotoras y cognitivas.

CONCLUSIONES: Hasta el momento no tenemos un tratamiento eficiente que ofrezca calidad de vida a los pacientes con hidrocefalia, y que esa alternativa terapéutica sea efectiva.

INTRODUCTION: Fetal hydrocephalus, perinatal and neonatal represents a major therapeutic challenge and often has with poor neurological prognosis, due to its heterogeneous aetiology, including neurodevelopmental disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To make a collection of advances in cell therapy as a proposal that can extend the spectrum of treatment in congenita-neonatal hydrocephalus.

DEVELOPMENT: Therapeutic interventions available at present as the ventricle-peritoneal shunt and third ventriculostomy, are insufficient to fully resolve the hydrocephalus and to prevent or reverse the associated neurological damage. This is why what has emerged the need for new therapeutic alternatives based on the knowledge of physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of this condition. In particular, cell therapy with neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells has proven in animal studies and preclinical studies with humans, efficiently and safely to prevent hydrocephalus originated from the disruption of the ventricular zone and secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage, with the consequent prevention of neurological sequelae sensorimotor and cognitive.

CONCLUSIONS: So far, we do not have an efficient treatment that offers quality of life to patients with hydrocephalus, and that alternative therapy to be effective.

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