Complicated bilateral fungal emphysematous pyelonephritis in a 55-year-old diabetic female: A case report and review of literature.

Background and Purpose: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare and serious disease causing acute renal failure. Diabetes is a major risk factor for this infection.

Case report: Herein, we present the case of a 55-year-old female patient with diabetes and EPN caused by Candida albicans . The infection was complicated with endophthalmitis and endocarditis. The results of antifungal susceptibility analysis showed that C. albicans was resistant to fluconazole and susceptible to amphotericin-B and itraconazole. Infection could be controlled by amphotericin-B followed by itraconazole therapy, and the patient was discharged in good condition while receiving antifungal therapy.

Conclusion: Complicated pyelonephritis with unusual microorganisms should be considered in patients with diabetes and urinary symptoms.