[Progress in research of the pathogenesis of childhood MDS/MPN].

Recent research reveals novel insights into the pathogenesis of childhood myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in addition to that of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). In pediatric MDS, the genetic characteristics of which have been barely elucidated previously, germline mutations, particularly those in GATA2, SAMD9, and SAML9L, have been frequently identified, indicating the importance of germline predisposition in childhood MDS compared with adult MDS. In JMML, in addition to the known Ras-pathway mutations, novel secondary mutations and causative fusion genes have been reported. This review aims to summarize the recent progress in the research of the pathogenesis of childhood MDS and JMML.