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Effects of hydrolyzable tannin with or without condensed tannin on methane emissions, nitrogen use, and performance of beef cattle fed a high forage diet.
Journal of Animal Science 2018 August 30
Sustainability of animal agriculture requires efficient use of energy and nitrogen (N) by ruminants fed high forage diets. Thus, there is a need to decrease methane (CH4) emissions and prevent excessive N release into the environment. Therefore, this experiment examined the long-term effects of feeding hydrolyzable tannin (HT) with or without condensed tannin (CT) on animal performance, rumen fermentation, N use and CH4 production in beef cattle fed a high forage diet. A total of 75 weaned crossbred steers (292 ± 4.1 kg) were grouped by body weight (BW), housed in individual pens and randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary treatments (15 animals/treatment) in a completely random design. The animals were fed a basal diet of alfalfa:barley silages [50:50; dry matter (DM) basis] with a crude protein (CP) content of 17.1% and supplemented with HT extract (chestnut; CN) or a combination (50:50) of HT and CT extracts (quebracho; Q) in a powdered form at different levels of dietary DM. The treatments for determining animal performance and N use were: control (no tannin), 0.25% CN, 1.5% CN, combination of CN and Q at 0.125% each (0.25% CNQ), and CN and Q at 0.75% each (1.5% CNQ) of dietary DM. The treatments for the CH4 measurement were control, 1.5% CN, and 1.5% CNQ of dietary DM. The first 84 d of the study were used to measure animal performance, rumen fermentation, and N use, and after 30 d CH4 emissions for selected treatments were measured using a tracer gas technique. There were no effects of treatment on DM intake (DMI), BW, average daily gain, and gain:feed (P ≥ 0.10). The plasma urea N concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for 1.5% CN and 1.5% CNQ than those fed 0.25% CNQ (120.9 and 120.4 vs. 111.7 mg/L, respectively), but not different (P > 0.05) from animals fed control or 0.25% CN (117.2 and 117.5 mg/L, respectively). Tannin inclusion did not affect rumen pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration, proportions of acetate and propionate, and total protozoa populations (P ≥ 0.16). Tannin, irrespective of type or dose, decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentration. Tannin type and dose did not affect (P = 0.54) daily CH4 production (154 ± 5.9 g/d) but 1.5% CNQ tended to decrease CH4 yield compared with control (20.6 vs. 22.0 g/kg DMI; P = 0.094). Hydrolyzable tannin from CN alone or in combination with CT from Q can be added at a low (0.25% DM) or high (1.5% DM) level to a forage-based diet to decrease ruminal ammonia concentration in growing beef cattle fed a high protein diet without adverse effects on animal performance. A combination of HT and CT at a concentration of 1.5% dietary DM also tended to decrease CH4 emissions without negatively affecting performance.
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