Molecular genetic study of Calpainopathy in Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Calpainopathy is an autosomal recessive form of limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene. CAPN3 is a Ca2+ -dependent cystein protease consisting of 821 amino acids. LGMD is a highly heterogeneous disorder and mutation identification of this disease by Sanger sequencing of all genes is expensive and time consuming. Using autozygosity mapping is an effective approach to address this issue.

METHODS: We used two sets of multiplex STR (Short tandem repeat) markers linked to CAPN3, DYSF, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, SGCD genes following sequencing of the CAPN3 gene. In silico analysis and mutation detection in one hundred ethnically matched healthy individuals were carried out to determine the pathogenicity of novel mutations. Sequence variant interpretation was performed using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline.

RESULTS: Sixteen out of 50 families linked to the CAPN3 gene. In this study, mutations were found in 14 out of 16 families including 4 novel (c.1894A > T, c.567delG, c.2254-2256delAAC, and c.2373C > T) and 9 previously reported mutations consisting of 5 missense (c.2105C > T, c.2243G > A, c.1714C > T, c.291C > A, c.956C > T), 3 splice site (c.2380 + 2 T > G, c.946-2A > G, c.380G > A), and one indel (c.2257delinsAA) mutations.

DISCUSSION: The c.2105C > T was found to be the most frequent mutation in this study. The results of this study revealed that most cases with splicing, frame shift and nonsense mutations experienced more severe clinical manifestations. Nonetheless, this should be confirmed by further studies on larger sample size.