Evaluation of buprenorphine/naloxone dose and use of sedating supportive medication on treatment outcomes in veterans with opioid use disorder.

Introduction: This retrospective cohort study evaluated effects of buprenorphine/naloxone dose and concomitant use of selected sedating medications on treatment outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder.

Methods: Patients enrolled in the buprenorphine/naloxone clinic at the study institution from 2009 until April 2013 were included. There were no exclusion criteria. Part 1 assessed treatment failure within 6 months and time to treatment failure with buprenorphine doses >8 mg and ≤8 mg. Part 2 assessed for treatment failure within 6 months and time to treatment failure with use of selected sedating medications. Sedating medications were cyproheptadine, hydroxyzine, quetiapine, and trazodone. Treatment failure was defined as documentation of illicit opioid use per patient report, urine drug screen showing opioid use, or patient lost to follow-up.

Results: There were 132 patients included in this study, but 163 separate encounters due to multiple enrollments. Treatment failure was experienced within 6 months 51 times a patient was prescribed ≤8 mg (66.2%) and 26 times a patient was prescribed >8 mg (33.8%) ( P  = .0005). Average time to treatment failure was 5.1 months with ≤8 mg and 8.4 months with >8 mg. The 48% of patients who received sedating medications did not demonstrate any significant differences in treatment response at 6 months ( P  = .2746) or time to treatment failure ( P  = .2209).

Discussion: Doses of buprenorphine/naloxone >8 mg demonstrated better treatment response and prolonged time to treatment failure. Concomitant sedating medications did not have a statistically significant effect on treatment response or time to treatment failure.