Identification of Sex-associated SNPs of Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili ).

The sex determination systems of fish are highly diverse compared with those of mammals. Thus, performing investigations using nonmodel fish species helps to understand the highly diverse sex determination systems of fish. Because greater amberjack ( Seriola dumerili ) is one of the most important edible fish globally and knowledge of its sex determination system is economically important in the field of aquaculture, we are interested in the mechanisms of sex determination of Seriola species. In this study, we identified sex-associated SNPs of greater amberjack using SNP information of 10 males and 10 females by an association test. We determined that the sex-associated SNPs were on chromosome 12 and mainly covered with two scaffolds (about 7.1 Mbp). Genotypes of sex-associated SNPs indicated that females are the heterogametic sex (ZZ/ZW). Furthermore, we compared the genomic structure of greater amberjack with those of Japanese amberjack ( Seriola quinqueradiata ), California yellowtail ( Seriola dorsalis ), and medaka ( Oryzias latipes ). Whole-genome alignments and synteny analysis indicated that the sex determination system of greater amberjack is markedly different from that of medaka and implied that the sex determination system is conserved in the Seriola species.