Upper airway involvement in bronchiectasis is marked by early onset and allergic features.

The association of bronchiectasis with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been reported. However, apart from primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), predisposing conditions have not been established. We aimed to define clinical and laboratory features that differentiate patients with bronchiectasis with upper airway symptoms (UASs) and without PCD from patients without UASs. We reviewed charts of adults with bronchiectasis, excluding CF and PCD. UASs were defined as nasal discharge most days of the year, sinusitis or nasal polyps. Laboratory data included IgG, total IgE, blood eosinophils, sputum bacteriology and lung function. A radiologist blinded to UAS presence scored bronchiectasis (Reiff score) and sino-nasal pathology (Lund-Mackay score). Of 197 patients, for the 70 (35%) with UASs, symptoms started earlier (34±25 versus 46±24 years; p=0.001), disease duration was longer (median 24 versus 12 years; p=0.027), exacerbations were more frequent (median 3 versus 2 per year; p=0.14), and peripheral blood eosinophil (median 230 versus 200 μL-1 ; p=0.015) and total IgE (median 100 versus 42 IU·mL-1 ; p=0.085) levels were higher. The sinus computed tomography score was independently associated with exacerbations, with 1 point on the Lund-Mackay score associated with a 1.03-fold increase in the number of exacerbations per year (95% CI 1.0-1.05; p=0.004). These findings may implicate a higher disease burden in patients with UASs. We hypothesise that UASs precede and may in some cases lead to the development of bronchiectasis.