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Reaction Time and Joint Kinematics During Functional Movement in Recently Concussed Individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To compare movement reaction time and joint kinematics between athletes with recent concussion and matched control recreational athletes during 3 functional tasks.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

SETTING: Laboratory.

PARTICIPANTS: College-aged recreational athletes (N=30) comprising 2 groups (15 participants each): (1) recent concussion group (median time since concussion, 126d; range, 28-432d) and (2) age- and sex-matched control group with no recent concussions.

INTERVENTIONS: We investigated movement reaction time and joint kinematics during 3 tasks: (1) jump landing, (2) anticipated cut, and (3) unanticipated cut.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reaction time and reaction time cost (jump landing reaction time-cut reaction time/jump landing reaction time×100%), along with trunk, hip, and knee joint angles in the sagittal and frontal planes at initial ground contact.

RESULTS: There were no reaction time between-group differences, but the control group displayed improved reaction time cost (10.7%) during anticipated cutting compared with the concussed group (0.8%; P=.030). The control group displayed less trunk flexion than the concussed group during the nondominant anticipated cut (5.1° difference; P=.022). There were no other kinematic between-group differences (P≥.079).

CONCLUSIONS: We observed subtle reaction time and kinematic differences between individuals with recent concussion and those without concussion more than a month after return to activity after concussion. The clinical interpretation of these findings remains unclear, but may have future implications for postconcussion management and rehabilitation.

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