[Pediatric idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with pulmonary embolism: a case report and review of literature].

Objective: To explore clinical features of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome combined with pulmonary embolism. Method: A retrospective analysis of a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and pulmonary embolism diagnosed and treated in the Respiratory Department of Shanghai Children's Hospital in September 2016 was performed. A literature search was performed with"Eosinophils increased, thrombosis"as the Chinese keywords in Wanfang database and"idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, deep vein thrombosis"as the English key words in PubMed database. The time interval was from April 1985 to March 2017. Result: The patient was 11-year-old with fever and cough. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed pulmonary embolism, inferior vena cava thrombosis. Ultrasound examination of the left leg demonstrated venous thrombosis. Complete blood count showed eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia. Literature found 30 articles, including eighteen case reports, twelve reviews and other types of articles. A total of 23 cases were reported, only three were pediatric cases. According to the literature that eosinophilia can damage the vascular epithelium, leading to multiple arterial and venous thromboses, anticoagulation and glucocorticoid treatments are effective. Conclusion: The diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is complicated. It may cause multiple thromboses. Anticoagulation and glucocorticoids can reduce eosinophil count and decrease its toxins which can injure vascular endothelium. The effectiveness of preventative anticoagulant therapy is unclear and requires further clinical study.