Does Multiple Sclerosis Affect the Inpatient Perioperative Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty?

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of studies evaluating the short-term perioperative outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, this study evaluated (1) patient factors; and (2) patient outcomes in MS THA patients compared to non-MS THA patients.

METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2013 identified 5899 MS and 2,723,652 non-MS THA patients. Yearly trends, demographics, and comorbidities were compared, and then non-MS THA patients were matched (3:1) to MS THA patients by age, gender, race, comorbidity score, and surgery year. Regression analyses compared perioperative complications (any, surgical, medical), length of stay (LOS), and discharge dispositions.

RESULTS: The annual prevalence of MS in THA patients increased from 1.36 per 1000 THAs in 2002 to 2.54 per 1000 THAs in 2013 (P = .004). MS patients were younger, more likely female, take corticosteroids, have hip osteonecrosis, and have gait abnormalities. Compared to matched cohort, MS patients had a higher risk of any surgical (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02-1.37) and any medical (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.34-1.81) complications, an 8.24% longer mean LOS (95% CI, 5.61-10.94; <0.0001) and were more likely to be discharged to a care facility (OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.82-2.40).

CONCLUSION: Orthopedic surgeons should be cognizant of the potential increased risks after THA in MS patients. Neurologists and other practitioners may help optimize and enhance the preoperative care of potential THA candidates, and provide guidance as to the appropriate timing of intervention for hip issues in MS patients.