We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
Heterogeneity of grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas: New insights and treatment implications.
Cancer Treatment Reviews 2016 November
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are currently classified as grade (G) 1, G2 and G3, in accordance with the 2010 WHO classification. G1 and G2 are named neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) whereas G3 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). While advanced G1 and G2 are usually treated with several different therapies, including somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, interferon, molecular targeted agents, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and liver-directed treatments, advanced G3 NECs are usually treated with a platinum-etoposide chemotherapy, trusting their clinical homogeneity is similar to that of small cell lung cancer. However, over the last years a number of reports suggested that 2010 WHO G3 GEP NECs are more heterogeneous than expected. Therefore, we critically reviewed the literature about this topic and reported pathological and clinical considerations on 2010 WHO G3 GEP NEC category proposing new sub-categories. Over the last five years, six studies specifically investigating large series of G3 GEP NECs have been published, including around 800 patients. Tumor morphology and Ki-67 Labeling Index (that will be mentioned as Ki-67 in this manuscript) combination has been reported as a tool to define two or even three subgroups of this category with different prognosis and potentially different therapeutic approach. Prospective trials are warranted to investigate if several types of therapy other than the platinum/etoposide chemotherapy can be effective in well differentiated GEP NEN with 21-55% Ki-67 and alkylating-based chemotherapy in poorly differentiated GEP NEN with 21-55% Ki-67.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app