We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
Does environmental exposure to the greenhouse gas, N 2 O, contribute to etiological factors in neurodevelopmental disorders? A mini-review of the evidence.
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2016 October
BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Previous work suggests that exposure to the environmental air pollutant and greenhouse gas - nitrous oxide (N2 O) - may be an etiological factor in neurodevelopmental disorders through the targeting of several neural correlates.
METHODOLOGY: While a number of recent systematic reviews have addressed the role of general anesthesia in the surgical setting and neurodevelopmental outcomes, a narrative mini-review was conducted to first define and characterize the relevant variables (i.e., N2 O, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and autism spectrum disorders [ASD]) and their potential interactions into a coherent, hypothesis-generating work. The narrative mini-review merges basic principles in environmental science, anesthesiology, and psychiatry to more fully develop the novel hypotheses that neurodevelopmental impairment found in conditions like ADHD and ASD may be due to exposure to the increasing air pollutant, N2 O.
RESULTS: The results of the present mini-review indicate that exposure to N2 O, even at non-toxic doses, may modulate central neurotransmission and target many neural substrates directly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including the glutamatergic, opioidergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic systems. Epidemiological studies also indicate that early and repeated exposure to general anesthesia, including N2 O, may contribute to later adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence and subsequent hypotheses suggest that a renewed interest be taken in the toxicological assessment of environmental N2 O exposure using validated biomarkers and psychiatric endpoints. Given the relevance of N2 O as a greenhouse gas, societies may also wish to engage in a more robust monitoring and reporting of N2 O levels in the environment for climactic benefit as well.
METHODOLOGY: While a number of recent systematic reviews have addressed the role of general anesthesia in the surgical setting and neurodevelopmental outcomes, a narrative mini-review was conducted to first define and characterize the relevant variables (i.e., N2 O, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and autism spectrum disorders [ASD]) and their potential interactions into a coherent, hypothesis-generating work. The narrative mini-review merges basic principles in environmental science, anesthesiology, and psychiatry to more fully develop the novel hypotheses that neurodevelopmental impairment found in conditions like ADHD and ASD may be due to exposure to the increasing air pollutant, N2 O.
RESULTS: The results of the present mini-review indicate that exposure to N2 O, even at non-toxic doses, may modulate central neurotransmission and target many neural substrates directly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including the glutamatergic, opioidergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic systems. Epidemiological studies also indicate that early and repeated exposure to general anesthesia, including N2 O, may contribute to later adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.
CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence and subsequent hypotheses suggest that a renewed interest be taken in the toxicological assessment of environmental N2 O exposure using validated biomarkers and psychiatric endpoints. Given the relevance of N2 O as a greenhouse gas, societies may also wish to engage in a more robust monitoring and reporting of N2 O levels in the environment for climactic benefit as well.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app