Control the damage: morbidity and mortality after emergent trauma laparotomy

BACKGROUND: Damage control laparotomy (DCL) is performed for physiologically deranged patients. Recent studies suggest overutilization of DCL, which may be associated with potentially iatrogenic complications.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of trauma patients over a 2-year period that underwent an emergent laparotomy and received preoperative blood products. The group was divided into definitive laparotomy and DCL.

RESULTS: A total of 237 received were included: 78 in definitive laparotomy group, 144 in the DCL group, and 15 who died in the operating room. The DCL group was more severely injured and required more transfusions. After propensity score matching, DCL was associated with an 18% increase in hospital mortality, a 13% increase in ileus, and a 7% increase in enteric suture line failure, an 11% increase in fascial dehiscence, and a 19% increase in superficial surgical site infection.

CONCLUSIONS: The potential overuse of DCL unnecessarily exposes patients to increased morbidity and mortality.