Jaw disorders in the pediatric population.

PURPOSE: This article will review the etiology, risk factors, history, and physical assessment of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). In particular, this article discusses the role of the pediatric provider in diagnosing and beginning the initial treatment of TMDs, as well as the appropriate treatment plans. It also reveals some of the controversies regarding etiology and treatment of TMDs, as well as the paucity of research specific to TMDs in pediatrics.

DATA SOURCES: A computerized search in PubMed and Ovid Medline, from 2006 to 2012, was conducted. A few seminal articles were included that were published before 2006. Hand searching was also performed, which included a few articles between 2012 and 2015.

CONCLUSIONS: Although TMDs are mostly found in adults, it is also a finding in pediatrics, which increases in prevalence during adolescence. More research specific to pediatric patients with TMDs needs to be conducted so that pediatric-specific care can be provided.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: TMD is a condition found in the pediatric population, and it is important for providers to take an adequate history and physical examination that incorporates the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and muscles of mastication. It is also critical that providers begin initial education and management, followed by appropriate referrals.