Medical and Psychiatric Causes of Episodic Vestibular Symptoms.

Dizziness and vertigo are among the most common presenting patient complaints in ambulatory settings. Specific vestibular causes are often not immediately identifiable. The first task of the clinician is to attempt to rule in specific vestibular disorders, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo through physical examination, diagnostic testing, and history taking. A large proportion of patients with dizziness and vertigo will not be easily classified or confirmed as having a specific vestibular cause. As with any undifferentiated patient, the focus in this setting is to attempt to exclude serious or threatening causes.