Identification of genes induced by Fusarium graminearum inoculation in the resistant durum wheat line Langdon(Dic-3A)10 and the susceptible parental line Langdon.

The wheat recombinant chromosome inbred line LDN(Dic-3A)10, obtained through introgression of a Triticum dicoccoides disomic chromosome 3A fragment into Triticum turgidum spp. durum var. Langdon, is resistant to fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum. To identify genes involved in FHB resistance, we used a cDNA-AFLP approach to compare gene expression between LDN(Dic-3A)10 and the susceptible parental line LDN at different time points post-inoculation. In total, 85 out of the ∼ 500 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were found to be differentially expressed: 36 and 19% were upregulated in LDN(Dic-3A)10 and LDN, respectively, whereas 45% were induced in both genotypes. Several of the cloned TDFs showed similarity to proteins involved in specific recognition of plant pathogens or associated with early responses to infection. Some TDFs specific to the inoculation response did not show similarity to characterized proteins. The availability of T. aestivum genome sequences allowed the in silico mapping of 28 TDFs and the acquirement of the corresponding gene sequences and, in some cases, their regulatory regions. Analysis of promoter regions revealed the potential existence of shared transcription regulation mechanisms. For instance, three TDF-associated genes contained binding sites for WRKY transcription factors, which have been implicated in the regulation of genes associated with pathogen defense, and three for abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE). Collectively, our results revealed specific pathogen recognition in the interactions of LDN and LDN(Dic-3A)10 with F. graminearum. Such recognition leads to changes in the expression of several transcripts, attributable to the presence of the wheat QTL Qfhs.ndsu-3AS.