Berta Bornstein's "Frankie": The Contemporary Relevance of a Classic to the Treatment of Children with Disruptive Symptoms.

In this paper the lasting effect of the work of Berta Bornstein is described, particularly the technique of interpreting defenses against unpleasant emotions when beginning an analysis with a young child. This technique is illustrated in the analysis of the patient she called "Frankie" (1949). Although her work is rarely cited (perhaps because she did not publish widely as a result of the dominance of the oral tradition at the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute), her work remains centralfor child psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, with the evolution of the experience-near technique of interpreting defenses against unpleasant emotions. The applicability of Bornstein's ideas to contemporary ideas about affect regulation and the treatment of disruptive children is discussed.