Excess cause-specific mortality in in-patient-treated individuals with personality disorder: 25-year nationwide population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Although personality disorders are associated with increased overall mortality, less is known about cause of death and personality type.

AIMS: To determine causes of mortality in ICD personality disorders.

METHOD: Based on data from Swedish nationwide registers, individuals admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder between 1987 and 2011 were followed with respect to mortality until 31 December 2011. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and underlying causes of death were calculated.

RESULTS: All-cause SMRs were increased, overall and in all clusters, for natural as well as unnatural causes of death. The overall SMR was 6.1 in women and 5.0 in men, as high as previously reported for anorexia nervosa, with higher rates in cluster B and mixed/other personality disorders. The SMR for suicide was 34.5 in women and 16.0 in men for cluster B disorders. Somatic and psychiatric comorbidity increased SMRs.

CONCLUSIONS: The SMR was substantially increased for all personality disorder clusters. Thus, there was an increased premature mortality risk for all personality disorders, irrespective of category.