A Low-Cost and High-Resolution Droplet Position Detector for an Intelligent Electrowetting on Dielectric Device.

A low-cost and high-resolution capacitive-to-digital converter integrated circuit is used for droplet position detection in a digital microfluidic system. A field-programmable gate array FPGA is used as the integrated logic hub of the system for a highly reliable and efficient control of the circuit. A fast-fabricating PCB (printed circuit board) substrate microfluidic system is proposed. Smaller actuation threshold voltages than those previously reported are obtained. Droplets (3 µL) are actuated by using a 200 V, 500 Hz modulating pulsed voltage. Droplet positions can be detected and displayed on a PC-based 3D animation in real time. The actuators and the capacitance sensing circuits are implemented on one PCB to reduce the size of the system. With the capacitive droplet position detection system, the PCB-based electrowetting on dielectric device (EWOD) reported in this work has promise in automating immunohistochemistry experiments.