Electrochemically assisted solid based extraction techniques: a review.

The complexity of the matrices of the analytes from a biological sample or environmental origin can disturb the separation and data analysis steps. Thus, the major incentive of recent research trends in environmental and bioanalysis research is to achieve faster, simpler, inexpensive, and more environmental-friendly sample preparation techniques. Application of auxiliary energies is one of the efficient strategies to reach the aforementioned purposes. Among these, application of electrical driving force in different extraction techniques has found remarkable consideration in recent years attributed to its ability in control of different properties of an extraction system such as selectivity, clean-up, rate, and efficiency by imposition of a variable potential difference. This review attempts to explain the principles of electrically assisted solid based extraction techniques as well as different roles of electrical field in these methods in more details. Also, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these techniques are discussed providing coherent information and useful insights for future researches.