Inflammatory optic neuropathies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to highlight the clinical presentation of a variety of inflammatory optic neuropathies through a case-based format. While emphasis will be placed on optic neuritis, which represents the most common acquired inflammatory optic nerve injury, the cardinal clinical features of other demyelinating forms of optic neuropathy and potential mimics for typical optic neuritis will be discussed.

RECENT FINDINGS: Novel developments in the diagnostic evaluation, clinical associations, and treatment options for several inflammatory optic neuropathies will be described. Key points will emphasize clinical pearls and potential pitfalls that may thwart early diagnosis of underlying demyelinating, infectious, and inflammatory diseases presenting with optic nerve involvement.

SUMMARY: This review will aid the clinician in identifying potential red flags that should prompt consideration for causes of inflammatory optic nerve injury linked to neurologic and systemic disorders, and help guide safe and effective management for these conditions.