Percutaneous and minimally invasive Achilles tendon repair - review of surgical techniques.

This article presents advantages and disadvantages associated with percutaneous, noninvasive repair of Achilles tendon rupture. We presented most widely known procedures, such as Ma/Griffith, Web/Banister, McCleland/Maffulli, Carmont and Assal Achillon suture system, as well as several other less known surgical techniques. We performed a review of literature with regard to possible complications, including sural nerve damage, possibilities of broadening those techniques to include arthroscopic as well as ultrasound imaging, and proposed a scheme of patient management after surgery.