Very low rate of readmission after an early discharge outpatient model for autografting in multiple myeloma patients: an Italian multicenter retrospective study.

We analyzed the main modalities and clinical outcomes of the early discharge outpatient model in autologous stem cell transplantation (EDOM-ASCT) for multiple myeloma in Italy. EDOM-ASCT was employed in 382 patients, for a total of 522 procedures, between 1998 and 2012. Our study showed high homogeneity among centers in terms of inclusion criteria, supportive care, and in hospital readmission criteria. Overall, readmissions during the aplastic phase occurred in 98 of 522 transplantations (18.8%). The major extrahematological complication was neutropenic fever in 161 cases (30.8%), which required readmission in 76 cases. The incidence of severe World Health Organization grade 3 to 4 mucositis was 9.6%. By univariate analysis, fever, mucositis, altered renal function at diagnosis, second transplantation, and transplantation performed late in the course of the disease were significantly correlated with readmission, whereas fever, mucositis, altered renal function, and timing of transplantation remained the only independent predictors by multivariate analysis. Overall, transplantation-related mortality was 1.0%. No center effect was observed in this study (P = .36). The safety and low rate of readmission of the EDOM-ASCT in myeloma trial suggest that this strategy could be extended to other transplantation centers if a stringent patient selection and appropriate management are applied.