Shoulder injuries among US high school athletes, 2005/2006-2011/2012.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe shoulder injuries in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes playing 9 sports. A national estimate of shoulder injuries among high school athletes was subsequently calculated.

METHODS: Injury data were collected in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball; girls' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) during the 2005-2006 through 2011-2012 academic years from a nationally representative sample of high schools via High School Reporting Information Online.

RESULTS: During the 2005-2006 through 2011-2012 academic years, high school athletes in this study sustained 2798 shoulder injuries during 13,002,321 athlete exposures, for an injury rate of 2.15 per 10,000 athlete exposures. This corresponds to a nationally estimated 820,691 injuries during this time period. Rates of injury were higher in competition as compared with practice (rate ratio = 3.17 [95% confidence interval: 2.94-3.41]). The highest rate of injury was in football (4.86) and the lowest in girls' soccer (0.42). The most common types of injury were strain/sprain (37.9%) and dislocation/separation (29.2%). Boys were more likely than girls to sustain their injuries after contact with another person or with the playing surface. Surgical repair was required for 7.9% of the injuries. Time loss from athletic participation varied among sports, with 40.7% of athletes returning within 1 week, whereas 8.2% were medically disqualified for their season/career.

CONCLUSIONS: High school shoulder injury rates and patterns varied by sport and gender. Prospective epidemiologic surveillance is warranted to discern trends and patterns to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent shoulder injuries.