Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in overweight and obese patients: a randomized comparison of performance time between the infragluteal and subgluteal space techniques.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite ultrasound (US) guidance, sciatic nerve block (SNB) remains among the least performed peripheral blocks. By targeting the tissue plane between the gluteus maximus and quadratus femoris muscles, the US-guided subgluteal space technique may facilitate the performance of US-guided SNB. We aimed to evaluate whether the subgluteal space technique shortens SNB performance time in overweight and obese patients compared with the conventional infragluteal technique.

METHODS: Overweight and obese patients (body mass index, > 25 kg m ) undergoing US-guided SNB for knee arthroplasty received 30 mL admixture (1:2 lidocaine 2%; bupivacaine 0.5% with 1:200,000 epinephrine) in the tissue plane between the gluteus maximus and quadratus femoris (subgluteal space group) or around the sciatic nerve at the infragluteal level (infragluteal group). All patients received spinal anesthesia, continuous femoral nerve block, and postoperative multimodal analgesia. The primary outcome was SNB performance time defined as the time interval between placement of the US transducer on skin, and needle withdrawal after injection. Number of needle passes, procedural pain, SNB-related complications, SNB success, postoperative pain, and opioid consumption were also assessed.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were assessed (subgluteal space, 14; infragluteal, 13). Mean SNB performance time was 4.4 minutes (95% confidence interval, 3.7-5.0) for the subgluteal space group and 9.0 minutes (95% confidence interval, 7.7-10.3) for the infragluteal group (P < 0.0001). Number of needle passes and procedural pain scores were lower in the subgluteal space group. There were no differences in SNB success or analgesic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The subgluteal space technique may be performed 50% faster, with no detectable differences in block success and analgesic efficacy, compared with the infragluteal technique for US-guided SNB in overweight and obese patients receiving multimodal analgesia. Injection of local anesthetics along tissue planes may produce similar block characteristics to perineural injection for US-guided SNB.