Coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus involving the capitellum and trochlea treated with open reduction internal fixation.

INTRODUCTION: Coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus involving the capitellum and trochlea are rare. Treatments have evolved from closed reduction to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to achieve a stable joint that allows early mobilization.

BACKGROUND: We determined the functional outcomes of treating coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus with ORIF.

METHODS: We reviewed the records of all patients with coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus treated by ORIF. Fractures were classified according to Bryan and Morrey. Cannulated screws were used for fixation. All patients were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Score Performance Index (MEPI) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores at least 1 year later.

RESULTS: Of the 18 patients evaluated (12 women), the mean (SD) age was 45.3(16.5) years (range 16-70). There were seven Type-I, five Type-III, and six Type-IV fractures. Mean follow-up was 43.6 (38.1) months (range 12-120). The mean elbow range of motion in sagittal plane at last follow-up ranged from 8.9° to 132.8°. The mean MEPI score was 86.7 (15.2) points (range 60-100), corresponding to 12 excellent, 2 good, and 4 fair outcomes. The mean DASH score was 15.3 (13.5) points (range 17-35.8). Heterotrophic ossification developed in one patient with delayed fixation; 14 patients with excellent or good results returned to their previous activity levels. Functional scores did not differ by age, sex, or fracture types (P > 0.05 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSION: ORIF with cannulated screws, which maintain a stable anatomic articular position, provides satisfactory results in coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV case series.