Socioeconomic status and the risk of depression among U.K. higher education students.

BACKGROUND: Many university students experience some symptoms of depression during the course of their studies but there is evidence that students from less advantaged backgrounds may be more vulnerable.

METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional online survey of 923 undergraduate students attending 6 U.K. Universities in the academic year 2009-2010 who completed a modified version of the Zagazig Depression Scale (ZDS).

RESULTS: Overall, 58.1% of female and 59.9% of male study participants screened positive for depression (ZDS score >10). In the fully adjusted model, final year students (OR = 1.8) who lived in a more deprived area (OR = 2.3) were more likely to report higher rates of depressive symptoms. Additionally, students with high perceived control (OR = 1.6) whose mothers were highly educated (OR = 0.5) and from a family of a high affluence (OR = 0.3) were less likely to suffer from higher rates of depressive symptoms. The relationship between lower social economic status and depression was partly mediated by low sense of control.

CONCLUSION: Students from less advantaged backgrounds are more at risk of depression but a strong sense of control over one's life may be protective.

APPLICATION: Since depression has strong impact on students' learning and quality of life universities should consider confidential screening for mental health problems and provide additional support for students.