The influence of Corexit 9500A and weathering on Alaska North Slope crude oil toxicity to the ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea.

The toxicity of the water associated fraction (WAF) of Alaska North Slope Crude oil (ANSC), Corexit 9500A and the dispersant enhanced WAF (DEWAF) of ANSC:Corexit 9500A mixtures were examined on the model ammonia oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea. Corexit 9500A was not toxic at environmentally relevant concentrations. Corexit 9500A greatly increased the toxicity of ANSC by increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the DEWAF. However, a majority of the DEWAF compounds were not toxic to N. europaea. Weathered WAF and DEWAF were not toxic to N. europaea even though their COD did not change compared to non-weathered controls, suggesting that toxicity was due to a small volatile fraction of the ANSC. The over-expression of the NE1545 gene, a marker for aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, in N. europaea cells exposed to WAF and DEWAF suggests that aromatic hydrocarbons are bioavailable to the cells and may play a role in the observed toxicity.