Development of the Italian version of the 42-item Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, CPCI-I: cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability and validity.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) and validate the translation in subjects with chronic non-specific pain of the locomotor system.

METHODS: The questionnaire was developed following international recommendations. The psychometric analyses included factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation, ICC), and construct validity by calculating the correlations between the subscales of the CPCI with measures of pain (numerical rating scale, NRS), disability (SIP-Roland Scale) and depression (CES-D) (Pearson's correlation).

RESULTS: The CPCI was satisfactorily administered to 270 subjects with chronic non-specific pain. Results of confirmatory factor analyses revealed that, of the CPCI-I 8 subscales, 6 demonstrated good data-model fit (CFI and NFI ≥ 0.90, RMSEA ≤ 0.08). Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory in all of the subscales (0.71-0.80); the ICCs were good/excellent in all of the subscales (0.80-0.91). The correlations with the NRS, SIP-Roland and CES-D were poor in most cases as only the CPCI-Guarding subscale moderately correlated with disability (r = 0.31).

CONCLUSION: The CPCI was successfully translated into Italian and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties similar to the original and adapted versions. The use of the Italian version of the CPCI is recommended for clinical and research purposes.