Does surgeon workload per day affect outcomes after pulmonary lobectomies?

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate whether the workload of a surgeon, including number of operations, operative time, or number of rooms per day, influenced patient morbidity or mortality after pulmonary lobectomy.

METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy at our institution during 2 years (2007-2009) by 6 surgeons were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeon workload per day and individual patient variables were evaluated. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for patient morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS: We analyzed 481 patients (269 men, 112 women) whose median age was 68 years (range, 20 to 94 years). Operative mortality occurred in 6 patients (1.25%), and morbidity occurred in 198 patients (41%). On univariate analysis, the total number of hours a surgeon operated per day was a significant predictor of complications (odds ratio, 1.032; p=0. 048) and length of stay (average increase of 0.17 days for each additional hour; p=0.004). There were multiple patient variables that were significant predictors of outcome. On multivariate analysis, which adjusted for patient variables, the total number of hours a surgeon operated per day remained a significant predictor of complications (odds ratio, 1.036; p=0.03) and increased length of stay (average increase of 0.16 days for each additional hour; p=0.006). On multivariate analysis, patient variables of age, forced expiratory volume In 1 second, and renal failure were significant predictors of outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: The total number of hours a surgeon operates per day is independently associated with an increased risk of complications when performing pulmonary lobectomies. This could be related to surgeon fatigue associated with longer operative days. However, other patient variables are also associated with outcome. The relationship among these factors needs to be better understood with larger-scale models on a multiinstitutional level.