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Imaging of dural arteriovenous fistula.

Spinal dural arterial venous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common vascular malformation of the spine. They typically present in elderly men with slowly progressive myelopathic symptoms. They often go undiagnosed because of the similar clinical presentation of more common entities in this age group. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of this entity, with the surgical and angiographic interventions, and with the expected postprocedural radiographic appearance. This article reviews spinal vascular anatomy, the radiographic appearances of SDAVF, techniques for finding the SDAVF, clinical presentations, treatment options, and postprocedural radiographic appearances of the spinal cord.

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Group 7SearchHeart failure treatmentPapersTopicsCollectionsEffects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Patients With Heart Failure Importance: Only 1 class of glucose-lowering agents-sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors-has been reported to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events primarily by reducingSeptember 1, 2017: JAMA CardiologyAssociations of albuminuria in patients with chronic heart failure: findings in the ALiskiren Observation of heart Failure Treatment study.CONCLUSIONS: Increased UACR is common in patients with heart failure, including non-diabetics. Urinary albumin creatininineJul, 2011: European Journal of Heart FailureRandomized Controlled TrialEffects of Liraglutide on Clinical Stability Among Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Review

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