Fully automated production of 11C-doxepin for PET imaging histamine H1 receptor.

OBJECTIVES: (11)C-Doxepin is an established positron emission tomography (PET) probe for imaging the histamine H1 receptor, which is associated with various neurological disorders and allergic diseases. A fully automated current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)-compliant radiosynthesis is therefore desirable in order to facilitate clinical PET studies. We report here a fully automated production method for (11)C-doxepin using a multipurpose PET module for clinical use.

METHODS: (11)C-Doxepin was radiosynthesized by N-[(11)C]methylation of nordoxepin using [(11)C]methyl iodide in DMF solvent, and then purified by HPLC, and finally reformulated with solid phase extraction (SPE) using a cGMP-compliant automated multipurpose PET module developed in house. The final product was analyzed and subjected to quality control according to current US Pharmacopeia requirements.

RESULTS: The radiochemical yield (decay corrected) of (11)C-doxepin for clinical use was 47.0 ± 5.2% (n = 12) based on [(11)C]methyl iodide, moreover the radiochemical purity of (11)C-doxepin was more than 97.5% with 1,200 ± 500 Ci/mmol specific activity(end of production). The total production time of (11)C-doxepin was 37 min from end of bombardment (EOB) with the final product passing all tests under cGMP requirements for clinical use.

CONCLUSIONS: A simplified and reliable fully automated production of (11) C-doxepin for clinical use was developed, allowing the synthesis of the tracer with high yield using a cGMP-compliant module and procedure. The success of this approach could make the PET tracer (11) C-doxepin more accessible for clinical studies.