[The place of myomectomy in woman of reproductive age].

OBJECTIVE: To define the involvement of myomas and myomectomy in all stages from conception to post-partum in women of reproductive age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted using the Medline and Cochrane databases to March 2011 by matching the keywords "fertility, infertility, miscarriage, pregnancy, delivery" with "myomas, fibroids, myomectomy".

RESULTS: An association between myomas and fertility has been observed but the responsibility fibroids in infertility remains unclear. Myomas are associated with an increased rate of obstetric complications. Adhesions are the main complication of myomectomy. Endoscopic procedures and the use of anti-adhesive barriers prevent adhesion formation. Pregnancy rate in cases of myomectomy by laparotomy and laparoscopy is similar. Myomectomy during pregnancy is exceptionally indicated.

CONCLUSION: The discovery of a uterine myoma needs to consider the responsibility of myomas in infertility, but also its impact on a future pregnancy. The therapeutic management is based on myomectomy but expected benefits must be weighed with potential risks.