Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Add like
Add dislike
Add to saved papers

Validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in older black and white women.

Sleep Medicine 2012 January
OBJECTIVES: Despite routine use with older adults, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) have not been adequately validated in older samples, particularly those from diverse racial backgrounds. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of and to provide normative data for these questionnaires in community-dwelling older women.

METHODS: Participants were 306 black and 2662 white women aged ≥70 from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Participants completed the PSQI and ESS; provided self-reported assessments of mood, cognition and functioning; and underwent wrist actigraphy for sleep-wake estimation.

RESULTS: Good internal consistency in both black and white women was demonstrated for the PSQI and ESS. Two PSQI subscales, however, were found to have inadequate reliability (Medications and Daytime Dysfunction). Both the PSQI and ESS were associated with theoretically similar measures in the expected directions. The PSQI also differentiated participants with no reported sleep disorder from those reporting at least one sleep disturbance, such as insomnia, sleep apnea and restless legs. The ESS only differentiated women reporting no sleep disorder from those reporting insomnia.

CONCLUSION: In general, findings suggest that the PSQI and ESS are internally consistent, valid measures of self-reported sleep problems in older women. Additional research is required to evaluate the impact of removing the Medications and Daytime Dysfunction PSQI subscales on this measure's internal consistency in older women.

Full text links

We have located links that may give you full text access.
Can't access the paper?
Try logging in through your university/institutional subscription. For a smoother one-click institutional access experience, please use our mobile app.

Related Resources

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

Mobile app image

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2025 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.

Your Privacy Choices Toggle icon

You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now

Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university

For the best experience, use the Read mobile app