Global update: Germany.

Researchers are working on key issues in regenerative medicine in many of the over 280 academic institutions in Germany. Moreover, nonuniversity research institutions such as Helmholtz-, Max-Planck-, Fraunhofer- and Leibniz-Centers provide important contributions to the field of regenerative medicine in Germany. Research on stem cells is conducted in the area of pluripotent stem cells (in particular basic research on induced pluripotent stem [iPS] cells, but also embryonic stem cells) and adult (tissue-specific) stem and progenitor cells, as well as cancer stem cells (both on basic science and translational levels).