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Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Endothelin-1 gene regulation.
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2011 January
Over two decades of research have demonstrated that the peptide hormone endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays multiple, complex roles in cardiovascular, neural, pulmonary, reproductive, and renal physiology. Differential and tissue-specific production of ET-1 must be tightly regulated in order to preserve these biologically diverse actions. The primary mechanism thought to control ET-1 bioavailability is the rate of transcription from the ET-1 gene (edn1). Studies conducted on a variety of cell types have identified key transcription factors that govern edn1 expression. With few exceptions, the cis-acting elements bound by these factors have been mapped in the edn1 regulatory region. Recent evidence has revealed new roles for some factors originally believed to regulate edn1 in a tissue or hormone-specific manner. In addition, other mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation and mRNA stability have emerged as important processes for regulated edn1 expression. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific factors and signaling systems that govern edn1 activity at the molecular level.
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