[Can allergy be prevented in children? Environmental intervention. Introduction].

Allergic diseases, especially these IgE-dependent, have multifactorial origin, so genetic and environmental factors play role in their development. Increased prevalence of these diseases in last decades indicates that environmental stimuli play the main role, however epigenetic mechanism could not be ruled out. Several studies support the progression from antigen environmental exposure (allergens of house dust mites in most cases) in genetically predisposed children to atopic sensitization and subsequent disease. In some subjects, exposed to high levels of allergens in early childhood, immunomodulation process directs into tolerance. Past primary preventive programs did not show full effectiveness with multifaceted allergen reduction interventions. It indicates complicated interaction of environmental and genetic factors and support idea of further intensive interdisciplinary studies to establish effective prevention strategies.