Superficialization of the basilic vein technique in brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula: surgical experience of 350 cases during 4 years period.

BACKGROUND: The primary use of autogenous arteriovenous fistula for chronic hemodialysis patients is recommended by the National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative practice guidelines (Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37(1 Suppl. 1):S7-S64; Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30(4 Suppl. 3):S150-S191). Brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula offers excellent access in difficult cases. Many surgical techniques have been described to create brachiobasilic fistula. The purpose of this study was to present and discuss the technique of superficialization of the basilic vein in brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula with long-term results of 350 cases.

METHODS: A total of 375 brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas were constructed with superficialization of the basilic vein technique. Of these, 350 fistulas were used in hemodialysis (93.3%). One hundred fifty-five (44%) patients were male, 195 (56%) were female. Mean age was 57.8 (range, 18-88) years. A 2-cm longitudinal incision was made in antecubital fossa to expose brachial artery and basilic vein under local anesthesia. A separate second skin incision (4-6 cm) was done to explore proximal part of the basilic vein. Side branches of the basilic vein were isolated and ligated carefully using this second skin incision. The basilic vein was divided in antecubital fossa and brought over the fascia through the subcutaneous tunnel at the same anatomical position. Anastomosis was performed with end-to-side technique.

RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 48 months (range, 2-84). The mean time to first puncture and use of the fistula time was 52 days (range, 25-75). Bleeding required surgical exploration which occurred in 3 (0.9%) patients. Primary patency of basilic vein superficialization fistulas was 92%, 78%, 64%, and 54% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. Secondary patency was 93%, 81%, 66%, and 56% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Superficialization of the basilic vein technique is a logical alternative method of the basilic vein transposition. Superficialization requires less extensive skin incision and surgical dissection. Long-term patency was good.