We have located links that may give you full text access.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW
The forefront for novel therapeutic agents based on the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunction: pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of overactive bladder.
Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, which is characterized by a complex of storage symptoms (urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urgency incontinence) is highly prevalent within the general population, causing major distress to patients in terms of their psychosocial and physical functioning. Muscarinic receptors of bladder smooth muscles are involved in both normal and disturbed bladder contraction. The muscarinic receptor functions may change in bladder disorders associated with OAB, implying that mechanisms, which normally have little clinical importance, may be up-regulated and contribute to the pathophysiology of OAB. In addition, several reports have suggested that various stimulations release many substances, including adenosine triphosphate, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and acetylcholine, from bladder urothelium, which contribute to pathophysiology of the increased bladder sensation, OAB symptoms, and detrusor overactivity. Bladder urothelium possesses a non-neuronal cholinergic system and high density of muscarinic receptors. The roles and functions of the non-neuronal cholinergic system in OAB are now being evaluated. In the pharmacotherapy of OAB, antimuscarinic agents are the first choice drugs. Furthermore, new therapeutic targets at the levels of the urothelium, detrusor muscles, autonomic and afferent pathways, spinal cord, and brain are proposed. In this review, the pathophysiology of OAB, especially the role of non-neuronal acetylcholine, is discussed. In addition, new drugs with new action mechanisms will be introduced.
Full text links
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app