JOURNAL ARTICLE
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T
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Percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with presumed cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack: the Mayo Clinic experience.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine safety, recurrence rates, and novel risk factors for recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) after patent foramen ovale closure.

BACKGROUND: Patent foramen ovale closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke/TIA remains highly controversial. There are limited data on long-term recurrence rates and their predictors in these patients.

METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent patent foramen ovale device closure between December 2001 and June 2006 were reviewed. Patients were seen for clinical follow-up at 3 months then followed annually via telephone. Primary end points were recurrent stroke/TIA. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate recurrent event rates. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for recurrences.

RESULTS: There were 352 patients with cryptogenic stroke (n = 225) or TIA (n = 118) with a mean age of 53.4 years. The procedural complication rate was 3.4%. Recurrent events occurred in 8 patients: 7 strokes and 2 TIA, 1 patient had 2 recurrent strokes. The recurrence rate was 0.6% and 2.1% for stroke and 0.3% and 0.7% for TIA at 1 and 4 years, respectively. The combined end point of recurrent stroke/TIA occurred at a rate of 0.9% and 2.8% at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Risk factors for recurrences were elevated pulmonary artery pressure (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, p = 0.009), elevated right ventricular pressure (HR: 1.09, p = 0.04), factor V Leiden mutation (HR: 7.42, p = 0.014), and protein S deficiency (HR: 12.2, p = 0.002). Residual shunt and atrial septal aneurysm were not associated with recurrences.

CONCLUSIONS: Patent foramen ovale device closure is safe and is associated with a low recurrence of stroke/TIA. Factors associated with recurrence are thrombophilia and elevated intracardiac pressures.

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