Evaluation of the spontaneous breathing trial in burn intensive care patients.

BACKGROUND: The extubation failure rate in our burn patients is 30%.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the 30 min spontaneous breathing trial on extubation outcome in burn patients.

METHODS: A prospective, observational study in a burn intensive care unit. All adult patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >24h and meeting the inclusion criteria underwent a 30 min spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Extubation was undertaken after a successful SBT.

RESULTS: Of 49 planned extubations, 9 failed (18%), much lower than the 30% extubation failure rate identified prior to the implementation of the SBT. The duration of ventilation was significantly shorter (p=0.04) in the patients who passed a SBT and those who failed extubation were significantly older (p=0.003). The logistic regression analysis identified that age independently predicted extubation outcome. Patients who failed extubation, after a successful SBT, had a significantly longer duration of ventilation (p=0.0001) and ITU length of stay (p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of extubation failure was much lower and the duration of ventilation significantly shorter in patients who were extubated after a successful SBT. These findings support the use of the SBT in burn patients. Age independently predicts extubation outcome in burn patients who have passed a SBT.