Mini-temporalis transfer as an adjunct procedure for smile restoration.

BACKGROUND: The versatility of the temporalis muscle justifies its wide popularity in reconstructive craniomaxillofacial surgery. In late facial paralysis, results of neural reconstructive techniques such as cross-facial grafting or mini-hypoglossal-to-facial nerve transfer are partial at best. In this series, the authors have used a segmental temporalis transfer, the "mini-temporalis," to augment the function attained with neural microsurgery. The aim of this present study was to present the experience of the authors' center with the use of the mini-temporalis as an adjuvant to facial nerve microsurgery for smile restoration.

METHODS: Data were collected from 31 patients who underwent mini-temporalis transfer for smile restoration. In all patients, the mini-temporalis was used to augment the results of neural reconstructive techniques. Opting for the mini-temporalis related to a variety of reasons, after preoperative evaluation was weighed against the advantages and disadvantages of different reconstructive strategies on individual bases. Aesthetic and functional outcomes were evaluated by a panel of five independent observers using a five-category scale ranging from poor to excellent.

RESULTS: All patients observed a follow-up longer than 3 months. Of 31 patients, 61.3 percent achieved excellent or good results and 29 percent achieved moderate results. All patients demonstrated an increase in the observers' scores after mini-temporalis transfer in comparison with the scores granted preoperatively or after neural microsurgery. Highly motivated patients committed to postoperative motor reeducation exhibited the best results.

CONCLUSION: The clinical data presented support the use of mini-temporalis transposition in association with facial nerve microsurgery as a valuable alternative to free muscle transfer in selected cases.