Comparative study between computer assisted-navigation and conventional technique in minimally invasive surgery total knee arthroplasty, prospective control study

BACKGROUND: Both Minimally Invasive surgery (MIS) and Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) are useful in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty was associated with decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and increased range of motion. Computer-assisted surgery in total knee arthroplasty was developed to improve the positioning of implants during surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiographic results relative to component position and limb alignment when using a navigation system compared with conventional technique in MIS-TKA.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective control study was performed in 180 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty by one surgeon. All patients were randomly divided into two groups, Conventional and Navigation TKA. Intra-, post-operative data, and postoperative limb alignment were recorded for comparison in both groups.

RESULTS: The postoperative mechanical axis was within 3 degrees of neutral mechanical alignment in 94% of the navigation group and 87% in conventional group (p = 0.13). Registration time of navigation group is 13.58 minutes. No statistical significant difference was found in tourniquet time and postoperative blood loss in both groups.

CONCLUSION: The use of navigation in total knee arthroplasty increases accuracy in limb and implants alignment, and does not increase complications and surgical times.