[Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disturbances. Results of an epidemiological study in schoolchildren in Gandia, Spain].

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of comorbidity is an important factor in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common features of this disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the frequency of sleep disturbances among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample in Gandia (Spain).

RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 887 (68 % of the sample). The sleep disturbances that showed a clear relationship with the three ADHD variables studied are: snoring, enuresis, rhythmic movement disturbances, night awakenings, and bedtime resistance. Sleep-disorder breathing, bruxism, somniloquy, day sleepiness, early awakenings and difficulty falling sleep are associated with only one of the three variables studied.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the population with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has more sleep disturbances. The association with the enuresis is of particular interest due to the possible clinical implications.